Ukunciphisa Umdla Nezinto Ezincinci Kuprocessi Yakho Yokugranulate

Ngani umdla nezinto ezincinci ziyabuyela kumakhuni okufakwa emkhakheni yokugranulate kwesikhwama

Izithombo zemdla nezinto ezincinci eziphathelene nesikhwama sokushwisha kanye nokugranulate esimweni sokufakwa emkhakheni

Izindlela zokusebenzisa iziphasi ezisemva kokusetshenziswa kuzoba nezinkambo—izilabeli zesiphasha, izinkambo zokubhakha, umhlaba, nokushaya kwempilo—okuthi kufuphama ku-microparticles ngokugcwele ngokuchitha kahle. Ngaphakathi kwezindawo zokugranulate, ukuthandabuzana kwemikhili yokuqondisa ngezikhili zokuhlala kuyasebenza ngokuzenzakalela ukudala ama-microparticles, nakho uma kusebenziswa ngokwanele. Izipolimha ezingafanele i-PET bottle flake ziyathandwa kakhulu ukudala amapowda. Amakhanda angafanele okanye awavamile kuyayenza ukuthi amakhanda ayishaya endaweni yokuchitha, futhi izihlangothi ezingabi ngenani zivumela ukuthi iziqondiso esingazange zichithwe zibuyele emuva futhi zifuphame kabanzi. Ukuchitha kahle kwe-rotor kuyakhanya ukuthandabuzana nokuthanda kwezinye izinto, okukhanya ukuthanda kwezinye izinto okuyakhanya ukudala amapowda. Ngokufanayo, ukungafanele kwezinhlobo zokufaka—kungaba ngokuchitha kahle noma ngokungafaka—kuyasinda isimo sokuchitha, okusindisa ukuthi iziqondiso zibe ngezinye izinto futhi kuyakhanya ukudala amapowda. Ngokujabulisa, lezi zinto ziyakwenza ukuthi izindawo zokugranulate zibe yisiphelo esiphelele sokudala amapowda okuhamba ngohlobo lwesilwane nokudala izinqamuzi ezingafanele.

Iziphumo kubunzima bezinto zokusebenza, ubukhulu bokuphepha kwabantu abasebenzisa, nokubonakala kokugcina kwezinto ezihlukene ngaphandle kwezinye izinto

Ukungena kwezincitho zokugcina kusiza ukuthi izibhile nezinkampani zihlukane kahle, okuzosiza ukuthi izinto zokusebenza zizohlanjwa ngaphandle kokulandela umlando futhi zizobuyiselwa ngokukhulu. Izincitho ezingafushane kungathintela izindlela zokuchitha isikhwama futhi zingalayishwa emazini amanqaku, okuvusa izinkinga zokuchitha isikhwama kanye nezinkinga zokuhlanjwa ngokuphelele. Uma kunezincitho zokugcina eziningi kumoya, kungabonakala ukuthi kunezinkinga zokuhlupha; ukubona kabanzi ngokuphelele kwebantu abasebenzisa kungasiza ukuthi kuboneke ukuthi kunezinkinga zokufuna isikhathi eside. Ngaphandle kwezinye izinto, izincitho ezingafushane zihlukana ukugcina: ukungena okungafanele kwenza ukuthi ukugcina kwezinto kuhlanganise kanye nokungafanele kwezinkinga zokuphakama kwezinkinga, okuvusa ukuthi izinto ziyahlukene kahle. Izincitho ezingafushane zihlukana futhi njengemvelo yokugcina kwezinkinga zokuchitha isikhwama, okusiza ukuthi kuboneke izincitho ezingafushane nezinkinga zokungafanele kwezinto zokugcina noma kwezinto zokugcina kwezinye izinto. Nangokungafanele kakhulu kungasiza ukuthi kuboneke ukuthi kunezinkinga zokungafanele kwezinto zokugcina kwezinto zokugcina kwezinye izinto—okusiza ukuthi kuboneke ukuthi kunezinkinga zokungafanele kwezinto zokugcina kwezinye izinto.

Ukuhlunga Iyuniti Yakho Yokugcina Kwezinto Zokugcina Ngokuthi Kungafanele Ukuthi Kunezincitho Ezingafushane

Izilungiselelo ezingapheliyo: ispeedi yomkhombisi, ubukhulu bewesikrini, nokuhlela ukuvulwa kwezindawo zokufaka i-PET, i-HDPE, ne-PP

Ukuvuselela imiphumela yomkhombisi kuyisisekelo sokuphepha amafines. Kwe-PET, khangelani ispeed yomphakathi wokubhala ngama-20–25 m/s ukuze ubhekise ukugqibela kwesikhathi eside noma amandla okushisa; i-HDPE ne-PP ziyatholakala ngokuthi zinamandla okushisa angaphezulu, futhi zisivumela ispeed ngama-25–30 m/s ngaphandle kokuthi amafines azide kakhulu. Ukukhetha isikrini kufanele kuhambisane nemiphumela yepolymers: isikrini sesi-10 mm sivumela ukungabhalwa kakhulu kwe-PET, ngakho-ke isikrini sesi-8 mm sisivumela ukulingana nokuthola isikhathi sokusebenza kwe-HDPE ne-PP. Isivinini sokufaka kufanele sibe senzakalo—ukufaka kakhulu kusenza ukubhala kungalingani futhi kusenza amafines. Imbonakalo yemithombo yasezindaweni eziyisisekelo zokubuyisela kubonisa ukuthi ukuvuselela kahle lezinyathelo ziyakuphepha amandla okushisa ngokuphepha kwezinkulungwane zama-40% ekusebenzeni ngokuphindekile. Kuyisisekelo kakhulu ukuthi ispeed yomphakathi nezinyathelo zokubhala zihambisana ukuze zilungise isikhathi sokuhlala kwamaphakathi; ukudlula ispeed ngokuphepha nezinyathelo ezincane kuzoba nokubuyisela kakhulu futhi kuzoba namafines, ngakho-ke izinyathelo zokuvuselela kufanele ziqondiswe ngokubona ngokushesha kwesiphumo—kungaziwa ngokuthi kuyizindlela zokubaluleka.

Imithambo yokusebenza okuhle ukukhulula ukugcina kwezinto ezingavali (isibonelo, ukulungiswa kwemibhala, ubunzima bwebhodhi)

Ukusebenza okuphambili kukhona ngokwesibonelo esihle kakhulu ukukhulula ukugcina kwezinto ezingavali. Amabhala angavali akhuluma ngokuthi aqhele emva kokuthi aqhele, kubeka izinyathelo zezinye nezinkunkuma. Kufanele isikhululeko nesibonelo semibhala sikhululwe ngasikhathi seshi-200 sesikhathi sokusebenza; ukungalingani komunye umkhakha kuphela kungakwazi ukongeza izinkunkuma ngaphezu kwe-15%. Ubunzima bwebhodhi kuyisibonelo esifanayo—izibhodhi ezingavali noma ezihlukile kuzosinda izinyathelo ezingaphezu kwezilinganiso, kubiza ukuthi kwenziwe kabusha ukuthi kuzweke futhi kuzwetwe izinyathelo ezingavali. Zilishelwe izibhodhi ezingavali ngokuthe ngokusho futhi zicwashwe indawo yokuthi kuzweke ngokuthe ngokusho ukuze ukungabonakali kwezinyathelo ezingavali. Ukuthi kwenziwe ngokuthe ngokusho lokhu kusiza ukuthi kubhekwe izinyathelo zezinye ngokulinganiswe, kunciphisa izinkunkuma ezingaphansi kwemvelo, futhi kusiza ukuthi kubhekwe ubunzima bokuprodukha nokubhekwa kwezimali zomsebenzi.

Izisombululo zesibhodi sokukhulula izinkunkuma esingqondweni kwizindlela zokuthenga izinto zokuvalelwa kweplastiki

Amaphoyisa okusukela kumkhosi, amacyclone, nokufiltera yezicelo zokugcina izinkulungwane zemithambo yokuphatha izinkulungwane zemithambo

Ukuhlanza kwezinto ezihlukene kusobala kuqoqo. Amahudi okuhlanza kusobala—akhiwe kwi-chamber yokuchitha, kwi-discharge yase-screen, nezindawo zokuthintana kwe-conveyor—ayithatha izinto eziyisikhathi esikhathini kuma-ductwork ngaphambi kokusabalwa. Akhiwe ngamashilothi amaningi okuvula okuphezulu, lezi zihudi ziyakhetha ukuthi zihlanze ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokuthintana nokulwa kwemithombo. Iseparater yesiklone sibiza izinto ezingaphezulu (10–50 microns) ngokusebenzisa umthelela wokubusa, okunika ubuncinane obukhulu kwezinto ezingaphezulu kwezifiltara zokugcina. Isifiltara sesicartridge esiphambili sibiza izinto ezingaphezulu kwe-micron eziphambili kwe-PET ne-HDPE regrind—kubeka ukuthi kubhekwa ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokufa kahle. Izindlela zokudala izisifunda zokubhala ziyavumela ukuthi zihlanganise ngokulinganisa isimo sokuhlanza kanye nokuphakama kwezinto ezingaphezulu kwezinye izinhlangano. Ukubhabha kwe-differential pressure kubeka inkampani nesibonelo esinokusebenzisa ekuboneni isimo sezifiltara, kubeka ukuthi kubhalekwe ngokushesha futhi ukuthi kubhekwa ngokuphelele.

Amaphuzu okugcina okugcinwa kanye nokususa kwamagasi amangalisi kuzindawo ephakeme (isibonelo, ukukhupha kwesikhombisa, ukufaka kwe-silo)

Ukugcina amaphuzu okugcina—ngokupheleleyo phakathi kwekhupho yesikhombisa kanye nezinhlobo zemigqa yezinkqubo zokuhambisa ngamagasi—kungabikho. Amavalve we-rotary airlock atholakala kanye nezincwadi ezihlukene zokufaka ziyagcina izinkqubo zokugcina futhi zilimele ukufika kwamagasi okuhlanganisa. Kuzindawo ephakeme njengefaka kwe-silo, lapho izinkqubo zokugcina zokubhala zokubhala ziyakha izinhlobo zokuhlakaza kwezinkqubo zokugcina, ukususa kwe-nitrogen kunciphisa ukuthi kune-amagasi okuhlanganisa ngenkulu kune-Limiting Oxidant Concentration (LOC), ngokuvamile ukulahla ukuthi kunezinhlobo zokuhlakaza. Lapho kuchazwe ngezinhlobo zokugcina ezihlukene zokugcina kanye nokubonding okuhle, lokhu kuciphisa ukuthi kunezinhlobo zokuhlakaza kanye nokulahla ukuthi kunezinhlobo zokuhlakaza. Kwekhupho yesikhombisa, isikhombisa esigcinwa sokugcina esichazwe ngezinhlobo zokugcina zokugcina kuyasebenza ngokushesha ukugcina izinkqubo zokugcina zokugcina kwezinkqubo zokugcina—kugcina indawo enomkhawulo wokugcina emnye noma eminingi kwezinhlobo zokugcina kanye nokusiza ukuthi kubhekwe i-OSHA kanye i-NFPA.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Kungani ukugwala kwezinkunkuma kuyisibuko emagranulathini yokubuyisela amaphutha?

Ukugwala kwezinkunkuma kusika ukuphatha kwemikhombolo, izinkinga zokuphepha kwabasebenzi, nokubonakala kokubuyiselwa kwezinkunkuma. Izinkunkuma eziphakanyiswa kuzokwenza imikhombolo iphule, kuzokwenza abasebenzi baphule, futhi kuzokwanele ukubonakala kokubuyiselwa kwezinkunkuma.

Yini okufanele kube kahle kwezinhlobo zomkhombolo ukuze kuhlanzekwe ukugwala nezinkunkuma ezincinci?

Izivinini zokuphatha kwezinhlobo zomkhombolo, izinsiza zokubhala, nezinhlobo zokufaka kuzokwenza ukugwala kuhlanzekwe. Ukuguqula kahle kanye nokubhabhisa ngokushesha kuyisisekelo sokusebenza kahle.

Yini okufanele kube kahle kwezinhlobo zokuphatha ukuze kuhlanzekwe ukuphatha kwezinkunkuma ezincinci?

Ukuchekwa kahle kwezinhlobo zokuphatha, ukuphatha kwezinsiza zokubhala, nokucisha kwezinhlobo zokuphatha kuzokwenza ukuthi izinkunkuma zibe nesayizi esifanayo futhi kuzokwanele ukuphatha kwezinkunkuma ezincinci.

Yini okufanele kube kahle kwezinhlobo zokuphatha kwezinkunkuma emagranulathini yokubuyisela amaphutha?

Izisistimu zokufihla kwezindawo zokuphatha izinto ezihlukene, iziklona, nezifiltela zokugcina izinto ezingaphansi zokuphatha kuzokuthintana ngokuhlukahluka kwezindawo zokugcina izinto ezingaphansi. Izifomu zokugcina izinto ezingaphansi ziyakwakha ngokuhlukahluka kwezindlela zokuphatha izinto ezingaphansi.

Kungani izindawo zokugcina izinto ezingaphansi zingaba yinkimbinkimbi yokuphepha?

Izindawo zokugcina izinto ezingaphansi ziyagcina izinto ezingaphansi futhi ziyavimba ukufihla kwamandla, okunciphisa izinkinga zokubeka amandla, ukuphatha, nokuphuma kwamandla. Kuyasebenza futhi ekuvimbeni kwezinhlelo zokuphepha zokuphepha njenge-OSHA ne-NFPA.