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Ubukhulu Obubi Bekuchitha: Ukuthintwa, Iziphakade Ezibomvu, Nokudala Kwemvuto
Izizindlela zokuchitha ezinokuthintwa: ukulungiswa, isikhundla sokuchitha, nokulungiswa kokubeka isibindi esingaphansi
Kodwa ukuthi izisitemu zokukhupha azikwazi ukubalwa kahle, kuzoba kusakaza umthelela kuzo konke kwezincwadi zempilo yezinkolo, okuyisiphumo sokukhupha nokufana nokugqibela okungafanele okungakuthandiwa ngabantu bonke. Ukubala isihlangu sokuqhubeka phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-85 kuya kwezinsuku ezingu-88 kuyenza ukukhupha kahle ngaphandle kokuthi kwenzeke umthelela omkhulu kumaterial. Ukuchitha umthelela wokuphambuka ngaphansi kwe-15 psi kuyisidingo esikhulu ngoba kodwa akhona, izinyathelo zizoba ziyagqibela ngokungafanele ngokuphatha. Izilayiba ezingazange zibe nesikhumba sizoba sezisakaza amandla angaphezu kwe-40% ngokusebenzisa umthelela wokugqibela, futhi leli amandla ayisakaza amakhankambo amahle aseziphumo kahle kunezidingo zethu. Ukuze kutholeke isiphumo esihle kakhulu, abasebenzi abaningi bafunda ukuthi ukubuyisiza izinkampani ngokuphakeme kwezinsuku ezingu-500 zokusebenza kuyasebenza kahle. Ukudibanisa lokhu kwezinhlelo zokuhlela ngokuphakeme nezinhlelo zokulawula umthelela ngokuphakeme kwezinhlelo zokuproducwa kuyasinda konke ukusebenza kahle futhi kuvikela izindlela ezingavikeliyo lapho umaterial uyadlula futhi uyadala ukukhupha okungafanele nokungabonakali.
Ukuhlukanisa kwezinkinga zokuhlukana kwezinkampani zokugqibela nokuhlukana kwezinkampani zokusebenza: kungani ukuthi ukubheka kakhulu kuyavala amandla okuphakama kwezinkampani zokugqibela kwezinkampani zokusebenza kwezinkampani zokudrawa kwezinkampani zokufaka emaphilimini amancane
Amabhleidi eziyisikhiwe kakhulu, ikakhulu lezo zezinye zezinye zokugcina ezincane kunezimbili amashumi amahlanu, ziyathinta ukuthi zihlabele kakhulu emafilmu ayesi-polyolefin. Lokhu kwenza izinkamba ezingenani ezinokuvutha ubusha obukhulu ngokwesikhathi esingaphezu kwe-60%, okuyizinkinga elikhulu emaphakishini. Ukuthintela ngendlela yemikhono iyasebenza kakhulu uma kwenziwa ngendlela efanele. Iyabika izinye zokugcina eziphakade kunezinye zokuthintela ngendlela yezimithi eziyithintela ngokuthi zilahlela umhlaba futhi zibhala izinkamba eziphakade. Abaprofeshinali abaningi bafindwa ukuthi amabhleidi enezinye zokugcina ezingaphezu kwezimbili amashumi nesithathu kanye nezimbili amashumi nesihlanu ziyadlala indlela efanele kakhulu. Zavumela ukuthintela okuphakade ngaphandle kokuthi kuhlanganiswe ukuthintela kwezinye zokugcina. Uma ukuchitha okufanele kwenziwa ngokuphelele ngokuthintela ukuthi ukuthintela kwezinye zokugcina kubhekise umhlaba wokuthintela, le ndlela iyasebenza ngokuphelele emaqondisweni afanele. Izinkamba zokuthintela ziyagcina ngaphansi kwezimbili mg ngomqanda wameteru wamashumi amahlanu we-OSHA yokuphepha kwabantu, okuyisivumelwano esifanele kakhulu kumaqondiswano ayo yezindustria.
Ukukhokha Kwesikhathi Esingafanayo Kwenqamula, Kwe-Die, Nezindawo Zokuchitha
Ukungafanana Kwesikhathi Sokufika Kwemvelo Kunye Nokuthinteka Kwakho Kwe-Die Gap Kunye Nokuvutha Kwesikhathi Sokufika
Ukuthola isilinganiso sabalwa sikhulu kakhulu xa kwenziwa ifilim yemvelo yomphakathi oyidingekayo ukuba ibe yinkimbinkimbi futhi ibe yinkimbinkimbi. Xa izinyathelo zabalwa zokuphakamisa ziyahamba ngaphezulu kuka-8°C noma ngaphansi kuka-8°C, izinto zibadala kubalwa. Sibona iziproblemi ezifana nezinyathelo zokubhukuda ezingaphakamisekile kwe-die, izinguquko zokufihla kwezinkinga zokufihla, futhi zonke izindlela zokuhambana okungabizwa ngokuthi zihambana ngokungabiyo kusikhumbuzo. Lezi ziproblemi zibonakala njengamazwi amaningi emboni yefilim, izindawo zokungafanele kwezibalo, futhi ukubhukuda okungabizwa ngokuthi kukhona umthwalo wokubhukuda okuyisibonelo esikhulu kwezinhlobo zemvelo ezingaphakamisekile njenge-PETG. Ngezinhlobo zezinkimbinkimbi ezithinta amanzi kusikhumbuzo, ukukhangelwa kwezinyathelo zabalwa kuzoba kubheka kakhulu ngoba amanzi athathwe ayalwa amaqhina amancane ayashisa umhlaba futhi ayabulawa inkimbinkimbi. Izikhumbuzo zokwenziwa kwezinsizakwano zasezinsizakwaneni zasezinsizakwaneni zasemva zasezinsizakwaneni zasezinsizakwaneni zasemva zasezinsizakwaneni zasezinsizakwaneni zasemva zasezinsizakwaneni zasezinsizakwaneni zasemva zasezinsizakwaneni zasezinsizakwaneni zasemva zasezinsizakwaneni zasezinsizakwaneni zasemva zasezinsizakwaneni zasezinsizakwaneni zasemva zasezinsizakwaneni zasezinsizakwaneni zasemva zasezinsizakwaneni zasezinsizakwaneni zasemva zasezinsizakwaneni zasezinsizakwaneni zasemva zasezinsizakwaneni zasezinsizakwaneni zasemva zasezinsizakwaneni zasezinsizakwaneni zasemva zasezinsizakwaneni zasezinsizakwaneni zasemva zasezinsizakwaneni zasezinsizakwaneni zasemva zasezinsizakwaneni zasezinsizakwaneni zasemva zasezinsizakwaneni zasezinsizakwaneni zasemva zasezinsizakwaneni zasezinsizakwaneni zasemva zasezinsizakwaneni zasezinsizakwaneni zasemva zasezinsizakwaneni zasezinsizakwaneni zasemva zasezinsizakwaneni zasezinsizakwaneni zasemva zasezinsizakwaneni zasezinsizakwaneni zasemva zasezinsizakwaneni zasezinsizakwaneni zasemva zasezinsizakwaneni zasezinsizakwaneni zasemva zasezinsizakwaneni zasezinsizakwaneni zasemva zasezinsizakwaneni zasezinsizakwaneni zasemva zasezins......
Ukuhlukana kwezikhathi zokugqibela kwezindawo: ukuthi ukubhekana okuphathelene nokuhlukana kwe-±8°C kanye nokwenza kwezinhlobo zemithambo yezifunda
Umkhulu wokuhlukana kwetemperetsha phakathi kwezindawo eziphindaphinde zomkhombisi wokususa kuyasekuthi kuyakhula izinkinga zokususa. Uma indawo yokufaka iphinda ibe yinkulu, kuyasimisa umsebenzi wokugqibela. Ngakumbi, uma indawo yokubala iphinda ibe yinkulu kakhulu, kuyakha ukuphatha kwematerial ngendawo eyodwa. Izimo zombili ziyahlanganisa ubukhulupheli bokushaya kokushaya kwematerial etholakileyo. Ngokwesihloko sase-Polymer Processing Journal, ukuhlukana okuncane kwezintemperetsha ngaphezu noma ngaphansi kwesi-8°C kusenza ukuthi kubhekwe isikhathi esingama-1/3 kangaka sokwenza kwezinhlobo zemithambo yezifunda emisebenzini. Lezizindlela zokuhlukana kwezintemperetsha akuzange zibekele kwindawo eyodwa. Zihamba ngaphansi kwelinye ilayini yokuproduc, futhi lapho ukuchitha kwamafutha kungabonakaliswa ngokulinganayo ngaphezu kweprodukti, kuyadala ukungalinganayo kwokwenza kwamakrystal ngaphezu kwematerial yonke. Lokhu kuvumela ukuthi kubhekwe ukulinganisana okungabi ngekhaya kwezintshuntsha ngaphezu kweminye imiphakathi yeprodukti yokuqala.
| Ukulinganisana Kwetemperetsha | Ubukhulu be-Gauge Band | Izinga Lobubi Befilimu |
|---|---|---|
| i-± 2°C | Kungakanani | <5% |
| i-±35°C | Kancane | 12–18% |
| ±8°C | Ezidingeni | 30–40% |
Ukuhlolwa kwe-heater-band okuhambisanayo nokwenza ngcono ukuhamba komoya ezindaweni zokupholisa kuqeda i-thermal hysteresis futhi kubuyisele ukuqina okufanayo.
Amaphutha Okudla Okuqala: Umswakama, Ukungcola Nokuwohloka Okushisayo
Amaphakethe Amaphakethe Amaphakethe Amaphakethe Amaphakethe Amaphakethe Amaphakethe Amaphakethe Amaphakethe Amaphakethe Amaphakethe Amaphakethe Amaphakethe Amaphakethe Amaphakethe Amaphakethe Amaphakethe Amaphakethe Amaphakethe Amap
Umswakama osele kuma-resin asebenza ngokushisa okuphezulu njenge-PETGamunca >0.3% womswakama wendawo yonkeuphenduka umusi ube ama-micro-bubble ngaphezu kuka-100°C, okudala izikhala ezingaphansi komhlaba kanye nokugqwala ebusweni. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, umswakama uphazamisa ukuqondanisa kwama-molecule lapho kubanda, kubangele ukuqhekeka okungalawulwa okuguqula ifilimu kube amafu futhi kunciphise amandla okuhlasela kuze kufike kuma-40%. Izindlela eziyinhloko zokwehluleka zihlanganisa:
- Ukwakheka kwezikhala : Ukwanda kwesivunguvungu kwakha izimbotshana ezincane ezilimaza ukuqina kokudonsa
- Izindawo eziphakeme zokugqamisa : Ukuphazimula kwezindawo eziphakeme kuzokwenza ukuthi kubhekwe ngokukhula kwezindlela zokugcina
- Hydrolysis : Imilayili yamanzi iba yisibonelo sokugqamisa kwemithombo, okuyokwenzela ukuthi ukuphakama nokuthintana kwezindlela zokugcina kubhekwe ngokuphakeme
Kodwa uma kufundwa ukusebenzisa i-PETG, ukuphatha kwakho kwezindawo zokugcina kwenza izinto zibuyele kahle. Uma i-barrel ishaya ngaphezulu kwezinkelamazwi ze-280 Celsius ngemva yezinsuku eziningi, amaqhinga we-polymer ayadlula ukuthi abe nesibonelo sokubhekana, okunika izikhumba ezingavuthi nezinye iziqhaza ezingasendleleni zokubhekana ozizwa ngazo njengokungafanele. Kumaqondiso ongathanda ukuthi amapharti ayo ayisifundo esebenzisa umkhawulo wokubhekana, ukulawula umsindo ngaphezulu kwezinkelamazwi ze-50 ppm nakwakho ukuthi ubheke indawo yokugcina ngokuphakanyiswa kwezinkelamazwi ze-5 Celsius kanye nokuphakanyiswa kwezinkelamazwi ze-5 Celsius kuyisisekelo esisodwa. Ukuchaza kuthola into enkulu ekhona—kodwa uma kunezinkelamazwi ze-100 ppm kuphela, kuyakwenzeka ukuthi umthwalo wokuphatha kwezinto kuhlela ngaphezulu kwezinkelamazwi ze-20%. Abashicileli abaningi bakhuluma ngokuthi ukudrya kwezinkelamazwi kuyisisekelo esisodwa kwezinkelamazwi ze-150 Celsius ngemva yezinsuku ezine. Lezi zinhlelo zidinga ukukhombisa ukuthi kunezinkelamazwi zokugcina ngokuphakanyiswa kwezinkelamazwi zokugcina ngokuphakanyiswa kwezinkelamazwi zokugcina, kodwa abaningi baphambili bakhuleka ukuthi bafumane iziphumo ezifanayo njengoba bafunda konke lokhu.
Ukungafanele kwezincwadi: Amaphuzu, Amaphuzu Okugcina, Nezincwadi Zokuphakanyiswa Ngokuvuli
Ukungafanani Kokuchitha Kwezinye Izingxenye: Ukubuyisela Kwemibiko Yomkhombiso Wemilayiza Nokulungisa Ngokuhambisana Kwesikhumba Semvume Nokukhomba Kwesikhumba
Ukuchitha okungafanani kusuka kuweb yefilm kubangela imiphumela yezinkinga zokuphefumula okuyizinto zonke eziphathelene nezinkukhu, iziqhelo zokuphefumula, nokuthi kunezinyathelo zokuphefumula zokuphakama zokuzihlukanisa ezibizwa ngokuthi ziyizikhathi zokuphakama zokuzihlukanisa okubizwa ngokuthi ziyizikhathi zokuphakama zokuzihlukanisa okubizwa ngokuthi ziyizikhathi zokuphakama zokuzihlukanisa okubizwa ngokuthi ziyizikhathi zokuphakama zokuzihlukanisa okubizwa ngokuthi ziyizikhathi zokuphakama zokuzihlukanisa okubizwa ngokuthi ziyizikhathi zokuphakama zokuzihlukanisa okubizwa ngokuthi ziyizikhathi zokuphakama zokuzihlukanisa okubizwa ngokuthi ziyizikhathi zokuphakama zokuzihlukanisa okubizwa ngokuthi ziyizikhathi zokuphakama zokuzihlukanisa okubizwa ngokuthi ziyizikhathi zokuphakama zokuzihlukanisa okubizwa ngokuthi ziyizikhathi zokuphakama zokuzihlukanisa okubizwa ngokuthi ziyizikhathi zokuphakama zokuzihlukanisa okubizwa ngokuthi ziyizikhathi zokuphakama zokuzihlukanisa okubizwa ngokuthi ziyizikhathi zokuphakama zokuzihlukanisa okubizwa ngokuthi ziyizikhathi zokuphakama zokuzihlukanisa okubizwa ngokuthi ziyizikhathi zokuphakama zokuzihlukanisa okubizwa ngokuthi ziyizikhathi zokuphakama zokuzihlukanisa okubizwa ngokuthi ziyizikhathi zokuphakama zokuzihlukanisa okubizwa ngokuthi ziyizikhathi zokuphakama zokuzihlukanisa okubizwa ngokuthi ziyizikhathi zokuphakama zokuzihlukanisa okubizwa ngokuthi ziyizikhathi zok......
Ukungafanani Kwemipangeli Yezinhloso Kwe-Machine Yokuhlela Isilayi Esifanayo Somphakathi
Izinhloso Zesikrifu, ukugcwaliswa Kwesikrini, nokuthintana Kwesilinganiso Se-L/D Kwenhloso Yokuhlela Okuphelele Nokugcwalisa Ukugcwalisa Kwesilayi Ngokwesibonelo
Lapho kunokungalingani okungokwemishini ohlelweni, empeleni kuyaphazamisa ukuzinza kokukhishwa kwesikhunta kusukela ekuqaleni. Uma i-screw RPM iphakeme kakhulu noma iguquguquka kakhulu, lokhu kudala izinkinga ngokushisa kokusika, okushintsha ukuthi impahla iba viscous kangakanani futhi ikhiphe ukugeleza kokuncibilika ku-die. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kungaphezu kwalokho i-polymer engakukwazi ukukwenza ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Ukungcola okuphakathi kwe-screen pack kuvimbela ukuhamba okuvamile, kubangele ukucindezela okungazelelwe okuqeda amaketanga e-polymer. Lokhu kuphoqa ukuncibilika ukuba kusakazeke ngokungafani, okwenza ukuhluka kwe-gauge kube kubi kunalokho okufanele kube yikho. Futhi masingakhohlwa ngalezo zinani elifushane le-L/D elingaphansi kuka-2:1 Lokhu nje akunikezi isikhathi esanele sokuncibilika nokuxuba kahle, ngakho sigcina sinamakristalu amancane noma izigaxa zezithasiselo ezibonakala njengamachashazi noma amabala angancibilikanga kumkhiqizo wokugcina. Zonke lezi zinkinga zihlangana ukuze zibeke ingcindezi eyengeziwe kuyo yonke imigqa yokukhiqiza. Lapho izingcindezi ziphakeme kakhulu ukuba izinto zingakwazi ukuzisingatha, sibona amaqhekeza ancibilika akha noma abe yizimo eziphenduphendukayo noma abe nohlaka olungafani nolwesikhumba somshanelo. Ukulungisa kwangempela akukhona nje ukushintsha ipharamitha eyodwa lapha nalapha. Abakhiqizi kudingeka babheke zonke izilungiselelo ezingokwemvelo ndawonye futhi bazivumelanise kahle uma befuna ukuqeda lezi zinkinga zekhwalithi futhi balondoloze umkhiqizo ohambisanayo.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Yini okubangela ukuphatha nokuphakama kwezinyathelo zemifilm yamaphutha?
Ukuphatha nokuphakama kuzoba phakathi kwezinyathelo zokuphatha, izinkundla zokuphatha ezingavaliyo, nokuphakama kwesikhathi sokuproducwa.
Ukuphakama kakhulu kwezincamzana kuzoba kuphatha kanjani kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela......
Izincamzana eziphakade zokuphakama kuzoba zibangela ukuphatha okungafanele kwezinto, okubangela ukuphakama kwezinkundla nezinyathelo ezincinci kwezinyathelo zokugcina.
Yini okubangela ukungafanele kwezinkundla kwezinyathelo zemifilm yamaphutha?
Ukungafanele kwezinkundla kuzoba kubangela izinkinga njengezinkinga zokuphakama okungafanele, ukuvulwa kwesikhathi sokuproducwa, nokufanele kwezinkinga zokubona njengezinkinga zokubona nokungafanele kwezinkinga zokubona.
Kungani ukukhokha kwezinkundla kuyisisekelo esikhulu kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kus......
Ukukhokha kwezinkundla kwezinto njenge-PETG kuzoba kubangela izinkinga zokuphatha nokuphatha kwezinkinga, okubangela ukungafanele kwezinkinga nezinkinga zokuphatha kwezinkinga.
Uhlu Lwezinto Eziqukethwe
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Ubukhulu Obubi Bekuchitha: Ukuthintwa, Iziphakade Ezibomvu, Nokudala Kwemvuto
- Izizindlela zokuchitha ezinokuthintwa: ukulungiswa, isikhundla sokuchitha, nokulungiswa kokubeka isibindi esingaphansi
- Ukuhlukanisa kwezinkinga zokuhlukana kwezinkampani zokugqibela nokuhlukana kwezinkampani zokusebenza: kungani ukuthi ukubheka kakhulu kuyavala amandla okuphakama kwezinkampani zokugqibela kwezinkampani zokusebenza kwezinkampani zokudrawa kwezinkampani zokufaka emaphilimini amancane
- Ukukhokha Kwesikhathi Esingafanayo Kwenqamula, Kwe-Die, Nezindawo Zokuchitha
- Amaphutha Okudla Okuqala: Umswakama, Ukungcola Nokuwohloka Okushisayo
- Ukungafanele kwezincwadi: Amaphuzu, Amaphuzu Okugcina, Nezincwadi Zokuphakanyiswa Ngokuvuli
- Ukungafanani Kwemipangeli Yezinhloso Kwe-Machine Yokuhlela Isilayi Esifanayo Somphakathi
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Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
- Yini okubangela ukuphatha nokuphakama kwezinyathelo zemifilm yamaphutha?
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