Umshini Wethimba Yokukhupha Izimpande: Umphindamshindo Ophambili Ekukhuliseni Ubunzima, Ukuphatha Izimpande Ngendlela Eyanzelekileyo
U indlela yokukhipha izimpahla ekuphileni kwezinja kunemehluko mkhulu ekwasendaweni yesisekelo, kanti kwenza ngqondo izinkinga ezadlula ngokude ngokungahle kwezimali zokuphepha izimpande. Izindlela zasendulo zokuphepha izimpande—njengoko kusebenzisa abantu noma ukusetshenziswa kwezinkomba kakhulu—zihlukile ngokuthatha isikhathi kanye nokuthintana kakhulu, kodwa futhi zinethando lokulahleka kwesithuthi, inkomba esetshekayo emithonjeni, kanye nokulahleka kwezilwane ezikhethekileyo. Lomshinelwa wosizo lolu phutha ngokwenza amafabrikhi ephepha yokuphepha izimpande okuyingxenye ephumelelayo: le fabhrikhi ihlanjulula amanzi namoya (ekusincedisela ukuphuma kwezinyawo zezithungo nokuthatha amandla) ngelisho elivimba ukubuka kwesibhedlela ukumthinta ukuthutha kwempande. Kusabalazini nabakhiqizi bezithungo, lokhu kusho ukuthi kuncike kakhulu kumagugu amathoxa, izimali ezincane zokusebenzisa abantu, kanye nokugcinwa kwesithuthi—kanti kakhoke kakhoke kanciphisa izithungo kanye nezimali zokusebenza kwizithungo.
Ngaphandle kwasendaweni, ububi bembewu buhamba phambili ekugcineni izindlu, ukwalipha, nokulima kwezindlu, ukuthutha kohlelo lokulima okungahleli. Kizindilinga zomphakathi, izindlu zezokuphila, izimali ezikhethiweyo, noma izinkampani zokuzala izithixo, izimpande zingahlaba ukulima futhi zihlale kakhulu. Ukucisha impande ngendlela eyayisebenzisa inja yindlela epholile kakhulu futhi ibalulekile, ikakhulu kizindawo eziningi. Imbizo yokuhlola impande iyenzelwa ngokuthi ihlenze amafabhrike angahleliwe—nezibophongo, nezandla, nezinkinga ezinokwenzeka—ukufakelwa kwizimo ezahlukene (umzekelo, amafabhrike athintana kuzithixo ezikhetheziwe, izinkalo ezinezulu kumthombo wendlinga). Le mafabhrike ayisusa into yokuba kudingeka ukucisha impande ngokushesha, ihlinza ubuhle bezindlu zomphakathi, futhi yasusa izindleko zokugcina izindlu ngokudala, kuyakho kubaluleke kakhulu abasebenzisa izindlu nezinhlangano zokuphatha izindlu zomphakathi.
Imlayini futhi inemiphumela emakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ubunzima bempilo yesilwandle kanye nendlela yokuphatha izinto ngendlela ethembekileyo. Ngoba abathengi kanye namabhodi okulawula aqhubeka nokukhetha izinto ezihlanya, ezingenakho amakhemikhali, isicelo sezemfihlo zokufudumelela kanye nezemfihlo zomphakathi zazange libe yisilingo. Imlayini yokwelapha izimpahla yezimali iye yenza into eqondene naleli qiniso ngokunceda ukwenza izimpahla eziphila ngendlela efanelekileyo yasendle; kunezinhlanu ezikhiwe kumagugu akhanyayo kanye azitholakala, angalibadali kusoni, alikho okushiywa okungcolisa umhlaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuthi kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali okwelapha izimali, imlayini inceda ukuthintela ukubamba kwamakhemikhali emanzini, ikhuselela izinhlanzi zomphakathi wamanzi. Kumaqhina amaphepha, lokhu kusho ukuthi kuhlanganise nezilingo zombolo, kunciphise uhlelo lwemfihlo ukuze lukwazi ukufanelela isicelo sokuphila ngendlela efanelekileyo, kanye nokukhula indlela yakhe yokuthuthukisa izinhlanu zomphakathi wokuphila ngendlela efanelekileyo.
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