Inhloso Yomshini Wokudala Amakhodi Okulahla Izilulu: Imiphakathi Emancane Kwezokulima, Ukuphepha Kwempilo Yezindlela, Nokugreena Kwegolide
Umphakathi wokuzalazala—kakhulu umphakathi wokuzalazala kumzimba nokuzalazala izithelo eziphakeme emhlabathini—ungumphakathi ongaphandle komshini wokuphatha imigobo yamagwebu, ngoba kube khona ukuthembeka kwemvelo yokunika izinto ezihle ngezimali. Lomshini uyahlanya ekwenzeni imigobo embalwa neyisimilo (okuvamile kusuka ku-polyethylene okungasebenzi nge-UV, PP, noma polyester olizangele), okubalulekile ekwakheni amagwebu akukhathala izilwane. Le magwebu ayakha izithelo ezifana nezithelo zeglasu (itomathi, ikhambushe), izithelo zemhlabathini (i-strawberries, i-grapes), nezithelo ezibaluleke (intabeni, icay) ukukhathala izilwane ezihlisa (aphids, whiteflies, fruit flies), futhi kuyakheka ukusetshenziswa kwezixwayiso zezilwane ngama-30–50% nakho kuyakha izithelo ukungabi nomnyama omkhulu kangaka ama-40%. Ukugcinwa kwezigaba zomgubo (0.15–0.8mm) nokunciphisa ubukhokozi kumgubo kuyakha amagwebu ayitholelela emhlabeni (impila, ubisi, izinkanyezi) ngama-3–5 iminyaka. Ngokuthi ukuzalazala kwe-organic nokuthembeka kwe-"green food" kuthuthukisa phakathi kwemvelo, kuzoba khona ukuthembeka okuphucukayo kumagwebu akukhathala izilwane (nezemikhumbi eyakha izigaba zazo).
Umzamo wokugcina izindiza nokusebenzisa kuzo kungenisa imikhondo emikhulu yokusebenzisa umshini wokudala umfanekiso ophathelene ngezilonda, ngokuhlangana nezinhukumelo eziningi eziphatha ubunzima bezimali zezindiza kanye nokuphepha kwizindleko. Lomshini udala amakhabeli akhethekileyo ekudleni—angaphatha inkohlakalo, angachaphazeki, kanye enxulumene nezinhukumelo njenge-FDA kanye ne-EU 10/2011—esetshenziswa kumafaneli aphathelene ngezilonda okugcinwa kuzo izindlela (ukukhuthaza ukungena kwezilonda, izihlahla, ukuze kungene kumbila, iwheat, icorn), emasimini ekusebenziseni izindiza (ukukhuthaza ukungena kwezilonda kumahhasi, isukela, noma izincuba ezivuliwe), kanye kumagogo oluhlaza (ukukhuthaza ukungena kwezilonda kumazinyo alahlaza). Ngaphandle kwezinkohlakalo zezilonda ezinokondlela izindiza, umfanekiso ophathelene ngezilonda uphatha indlela yobuchwepheshe, besebenza ngokulinganayo nobubi bethu lokuthanda izindiza eziphathelene ngendlela eyaziwayo. Njengoko izwe ngalinye likhuthaza izinhukumelo zokuncipha ukuphepha kwezindiza (isibonelo, UN Sustainable Development Goal 12.3), indima yomshini wokuvikela izindiza ngendlela efanele kuya kuba yiningi futhi.
Izinhawu ezibadala zokugreena kwezimali nezokulungisa izemfano ezingcono ziyakhula isilinganiso seziphazamiso sangaphakathi kwesithuthi sezinkomba zokubhinya izinhlava, ngokunxuswa kwebhunu nezidingo zokuphatha ubumnene bwebomu. Kuzindawo zezimali, izihlwire zamathotho ayasebenziswa ukwenza i-izineti ezincane zokukhusha izinhlava zezimali, izihlahla zasekhaya, nezinhlava ezivalelwe emapothini—zihlengelela izinhlanzi, izithawe, nezinhlanzi ezenzekayo ezifuywa kuzimali ukukhushwa kwezinhlava (isb., amantsanga, izicathulo ezincane) ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izimboni ezikhulekile. Kwezokulungisa izemfano, ikhiqiza izihlwire ezikhethekile zezineti ezisetshenziswa emakhathini wezinhlava (ukukhusha izinhlava eziningi/ezingcono kwezinhlava), izigaba zokugcina izithwala (ukukhusha ukufa kwezithwala yezinhlanzi), nezindawo ezifanayo nezilwandle (ukudala izigaba ezikhetheka ezhumela izinhlava ezihlukumele kodwa zivumela izinhlava ezifana nebees izifanele ukuphindezwa). Ubunzima bezithotho ekukhuliseni izihlwire zezineti zenzeke ngezilinganiso ezahlukene (kuye ku-1㎡ i-inethi yasekhaya kuya ku-1,000㎡ i-inethi yomkhathi wezinhlava) nezimboni ezingcono kubomi (isb., i-PP engayiphansi), bekungumqondo othandwayo kulezinhawu ezikhulayo.
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