Umgcini Wokuphatha Amathambo Amanqoba: Izindawo Ezibalulekileyo Zokusetshenziswa Kuseshango Sempilo Yezilwane Nokulungiswa Kwempilo Yezilwane
Indawo ephambili yokusebenzisa i-machine yomdlalo wamathulwane wamathulwane ibekwa ekukhokheni izitha ezinezimali eziphakeme zasekhanyini, lokhu kungcono okubalulekile kumfowethu emakhathini apholile kwezulu epholile ngaphandle kwemfula. Leli machine ikhiqiza amathulwane amakhubazekile—okuvamile polyethylene (PE) enezulu elivuthiwe, polypropylene (PP), noma polyester engaqediwe—ayengqondo yomdlalo wamathulwane. Lezi zimdlalo zihlinza izitha ezifana nezindlu zezithungulu (izithungulu, umnqwazansi, ukuhlaza), izigaba zezithungulu (umbulo, ubhuloyibhuli), nezitha ezinezimali eziphakeme (itomathi, iphipha) ukungahlikwa ngemfula, okungahlula 50–100% yomnotho ngemizuzwana embalwa. Inkinga yaleli machine yokulungisa ubunzima bomthulwane (0.3–1.2mm) nokunciphisa ubunzima bokuphakama kusiza ukuthi izimdlalo zilindele imphikiswano yezinhlangothi (ude ku-5cm) ngelinye ilanga nemvula ivuse izitha. Kuyisisekelo esibalulekile kumfowethu emazweni anezulu elihlaza (umzekelo, i-Great Plains yaseNorth America, i-Alpine regions yase-Europe, i-Loess Plateau yase-China) apho imifula ifika khona kangakanani, futhi kuyisisekelo esibalulekile sekusheshwa komnotho.
Ukwalapha okungcolileyo kwezokulima—kufakwe izindlu zomshado, ihigh tunnels, nezindlu zokulima ezivuthayo—kuyisikhala esiphuthelene ngokukhula kwimithombo yokuphatha imigodi yesilafu. Lezinye iimeko eziphathwayo zizalisa izinto ezineprofithi enkulu (izithelo ezihlaza, izithelo zemedicine, iiseli zezityalo) ezinobuthulekile kakhulu kumgodi wesilafu, ngoba izahluko zesindlu yomshado zingagqunyelwa silafu. Lo mbini uphatha imithwalo embalwa, emfushane (0.2–0.5mm) yezwire yezenet eyajikelezelayo kumathuba omshadweni—ezintathu kakhulu ukungavimba umtheshwana ofunwayo, kodwa nempahla yokwandisa izinkomo zesilafu. Kananjalo kusebenza kumazwe amabhorganic apho izinet zamgodi zibanjelana nezindlela zokulima nokususwa kwesilafu (umzekelo, izixhobo zokwandisa silafu) ezichasene nemvume yesokolima sobomi. Kule ntshukumo, amandla wembini yokuphuma kwamandla angachaphazeki, engayidlulanga (ngemva nyawo) izinto ezinezwire ziyambandela izinhlelo zokulima ezihlanjwayo, zibanzelela indlela yayo ngaphandle kokulima okuchanekileyo.
Amasegmenti akhethekileyo eziguleni—njengezindlu zemithi yamasi, izilima, nekugcina kwezithelo ngemuva kokuthembeka—ziquka indlela enkulu yokusetshenziswa, lapho umshini wokuphuma kwawala ongenhla kohlambo unikeza amathuba okufakazela izidingo ezikhethekileyo. Kuzindlu zemithi yamasi, umshini uphuma amawele amancane kakhulu (0.2–0.4mm) amawele amahle angaphansi kwehlanjwa lokukhetha imithi engcono ngaphandle kokunqamula izihlahla, okubaluleke kakhulu ekunyelweni nokuthembeka kwemithi yamasi (ukohlwa kwehlanjwa kuyashisa ububi bemithebhu futhi kusabalala ukushisana komthwacu). Kuzilima, kwenza amawele amakhulu futhi amandla kangako (0.8–1.2mm) amawele amadala angaphansi kwehlanjwa okukhuthaza izihlahla ezintsha nezibonakaliso—okubaluleke kakhulu emphahleni yokubuyisela izihlahla noma emhlabathini yezithando. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umshini ususe kuzindlu zokugcina ngemuva kokuthembeka, apho amahlanjwa anquma izigaba zezithelo ezithembekile (umzekelo, ikhom, iwheat, i-apiles) ukuze aziphindele kwehlanjwa ngemuva kokuthembeka ngaphambi kokuphatha. Lokhu kufakazela izithelo ezahlukene kanye nezimo zokusetshenziswa kuyenza umshini wokuphuma kwawala ongenhla kohlambo ngumfundi othandabuzayo abantu abagulayo abathanda ukuncipha izinkinga ezivela kwehlanjwa ngasempeleni wonke wekugula nokugcina.
EN
