Inkinobeko Yomshini Wokhupha Amakhala: Indawo Ezahlukene Ezisebenzisa Umbono, Ubusuku, Namasipala
Ukwalimanga kumakhono okuphathelene nokusebenza kwamashini ekhokhelwa ngayo iwebhu yokukhusha, ekuthintela izidingo eziphambile zokulima izithelo emazweni anesilwane esikhulu noma ukugogotshelwa. Iyakha amawhiri amabi—okuvamile polyethylene (PE) enikezela UV, polypropylene (PP), noma polyester enziwe yinkani—ezahlukana nebasebenzi besithelo sokulima. Le webhu ikhusha izithelo njengezithelo zasegreenhouse (ikhamphu, itomathi), izithelo zasehlabathini (izitshukuthi, izihlahla), nezibonakaliso ukukhula kusilwane esikhulu, sithintela ukugogotshelwa nokunyuka kwamanzi, ngemuva kokugcina ubude bendawo yokukhula. Ingaqa yokulungisa ubude be-whire (0.15–0.8mm) nokhuthaza kwe-tensile strength kuyakususa webhu ukuba isebenze ngaphandle (ubuthi, ubvuma, ukubekwa kusilwane esikhulu) kusuku si-3–5. Futhi inyanzelisa izimali ezilima ngendlela engcono, lapho le webhu ihlala endleleni yezindleko zokulima ngendlela engcono, futhi iyisisekelo esibalulekile kumlimi ukuze akhulise amanani asebenzayo nokulima izithelo ezinzima.
Amakhanda nezindawo zokuphila kuyisikhala esihlukene esiyakhula ngokushesha, esixhaswa ngokuthuthuka kwamandla kunye nokunyuka kwezinhloso zokuphila phandle. Inkinobho yomshwalense weshadhe iphinda izwire ezisetyenziswa emashadheni anezivumelwano, i-patios, nezindlu zezinsiza eziqhumayo—kunye nomshwalense wezinxibelelaniso zangaphandle ngelishwa elilungileyo ukuze kugcinwe izinto nezigubhu. Kungenza futhi umsebenzi kizindawo ezithuthukileyo: amaphakhezi (ukushadha izimoto ukuze kugcinwe ubuchwepheshe bengaphakathi), izindlu zemphakathi, nezindawo zokuthengisa zangaphandle (i-terrace yesitsha, i-mall atriums). Kulokhu, le nkino ingaphinda izwire ngezimbili ezihlelekileyo (umzekelo, green, gray) nezibonakalayo ezincane (0.2–0.4mm) ukwenzela amashadhe angaphansi komkhondvo, amandla okhetho okufanayo okuhambisana nenkonyo yezindawo zengcwele. Ngexesha labantu abahlinzekileyo bayikhipha indawo yokuphila yangaphandle, isicelo siyakhula kulezi zixhobo ezifana nazo (nezinkinobho ezenza izwire zazo).
Imiklomane yesiseko esisemqoka kanye nezilwana zihlukanisa izimo zokusebenza kwamashini, ukulungiselela izidingo ezithile kodwa eziphathelene. Kwiqonga lezilwana, ishini ihlinza iwayibhu enkulu, enobukhona (0.6–1.0mm) yezinhlane ezikhulu zokucindezela iziko elimnyama, ezingaphantsi kweziko likudaka lwemfuyo, izigaba zemfuyo, kanye nezinhlane zokuzinqula izilwane—ekusabela izilwana ukuze kunciphise ukugxila ngokushesha kanye nokuthuthuka kakhulu. Kwiindawo zokwakha, ihlinza iwayibhu enobukhona obuphezulu yezinhlane ezikhulu zokucindezela iziko elimnyama ezingasabelisa abasebenzi ukuba bacindezelelwe ngokushesha kanye nokuhlupha, ngaphezu koko zingasabelisa izinto ezakhiwa (njengecementi, ubombo) ukukhululwa kwe-UV. Ngaphezu koko, ishini isixhasa ukusondelela kanye nokuthuthuka, ihlinza iwayibhu yezinhlane ezisetyenziswa ukucophezela izityeletshwe eziphambili (ezisabelisa izinto njengezincwa, izithelo, okanye izinto zakhiwo ukukhululwa kweziko kanye nesidlizi). Ukuthintela kwalo kumandla wewayibhu, izinto, kanye nezihlalo zenhlane kwenza kube yindlela eyodwa yokusebenza kule mikhwanqa ethile, enezidingo ezikhulu.
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