Amathuba Okusetshenziswa Kwizinhlayiya Zokudweba Izwire Ezincane ZeChina: Ihlakanipha Amathuthi E-Amaningi Angcono Ngempuma
Izinhlelo zokudweba izwire zihle zeChina zibaluleke kakhulu ekuphatheni kwemboni yezimali nezehlakaniphelo, indawo apho izwire ezinezibonakude kakhulu kungabikho ukulahlekwa. Ngoba ihlabathi eliphelele lingumntu wokwenza imboni (isifundazwe seShenzhen nendiza yezimchayeleli zezinhlelo eziyisisekelo ku-Apple, Huawei), izinhlelo zokudweba izwire zihle zeChina ziyasebenza kakhulu ekudwebeni izwire ezingaphansi kuka-0.005mm—okubalulekile kuzibandakanyo phakathi kwezimali, i-IoT sensors, izixhobo zokusebenzisa (umzekelo, izihlalo zomlando), nezinqamlezelo ezincinci zezilapi. Lezi zinhlelo zihlawula izinto ezahlukene (ubuti obugcwele, ubuti obufakelwe ngumaluminum, nezihlengahlenga ezinezindlela eziphambili) ngexesha elincinci lezinto ezingaqhelekanga, okuquka isitshixo esibalulekile kumthengi wezehlakaniphelo apho amaxesha emveliso ayihlala ngqo. Iziqalelo zezimali ezingena izinto ezitholakala kumthengi weChina zanxibelela kakhulu nabasebenzi bezinhlelo zokudweba izwire zihle zasendaweni ukuze kuthunyelwe ngokulinganayo (umzekelo, ukulungisa ubungakanani bawo ngokulinganayo kumodeli eyintsha yezixhobo), ukuqinisekisa ukuba zizokwenzela ngokuphambene kumgwaqo wokudibanisa nezigaba ezivumelekile.
Umongo wezinhlelo zokulungisa izifo yindlela ebalulekileyo yokusebenzisa izimboni zokugaya izwire zasendleleni, lapho ubunzima nokukhathazeka kubaluleke kakhulu. Izwire ezincane ezidalwa ngalezi zimboni zamelela umqondo wamathulini okulunga izifo: zizwire zokondla ezahlukene ezahlukene, i-electrode leads yezinhlelo zokuphatha umbono, ne-microfilaments yezinhlelo zokwala izifo (isb., i-endoscopes). Abasebenzisi baseChina balezi zimboni bahlola ukuthi bazame ukufaneza nezimali ezihlakaniphileyo zangempela (ISO 13485, FDA regulations) futhi bathathe isidingo sokusebenzisa izinto ezifana netitanium alloy, amathambo abonakalayo anesilisa esikhulu—okubaluleke kakhulu ekukhathazekeni ukuthi akulungele kakhulu noma kuhluleke izinhlelo. Ngoba izinhlelo zokulungisa izifo zeChina ziyakhula ngayonyaka (khusuku kumasekelini amasha nemiphakathi enempilo efana ne-Europe), lezi zimboni zokugaya izwire ezincane zinika amathambo azenzakalelayo amandla okungabi nomlando, futhi zanikeza izinhlelo zangempela izwire ezinezici eziphambili kakhulu kodwa ezinzima kakhulu.
Izinhini zokudweba izwire ziningi futhi inqubela indima ebalulekile kumongo waseNkosini naseNgineka yokuphepha, lapho iziwire ezilula kakhulu, ezinezindlela ezinobukhali kakhulu. Izisebenzo zeNkosini—ezifana nezinhlelo zokulawula izihlathi, izihlukanisa zeziphazamisi, nezinhlelo zokuhlala kwesithuthi—zidinga iziwire ezingakwazi ukuvikela amandla aphelele, ukuchithwa, nokuhlwempuka. Izinhini zaseChina zokudweba iziwire zihlinza ekudwebeni izihluko ezivuthiwe nge-nickel, titanium, nezwire ezinobukhali obuphephile (0.01–0.1mm) ezingafani nezimpendulo zeNkosini (ASTM, EN 4242). Lokhu kuyavumelana nenhlaka yaseChina eyayiza kakhulu (ohlalakahle ukwakha izihlathi ezikhethayo ngapha kukaCOMAC, ukusungwa kweziphazamisi) futhi kwenza izinhawu zomlando zibe abangxenye abasemthethweni babaqukatha beNkosini. Lezi zinkampani zibeka kuzinhini zaseChina zokudweba iziwire ngamaphuzu amabili: ukwakha uhlu lweprodukthi olukhulu olukhokhelwayo yizihlathi, nokuphepha okuncane ukuze kwenzeke iziwire zezinto ezihluphekileyo zeNkosini—kufaka igap phakathi kwezinhini ezinezindleko eziphezulu zaseMathewu nezinhlelo ezincane kakhulu ezitshadwayo ezindaweni ezinye.
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